By HBOT News | Interview by Dr. Xavier Figueroa

The Big Idea

For decades, concussion care has leaned on “rest and wait.” Dr. Daphne Denham believes that’s the wrong playbook. Drawing on years in trauma surgery and hyperbaric medicine, she argues that a concussion behaves like a compartment syndrome of the brain—inflammation and pressure choke oxygen delivery at the very moment neurons need it most.

Her solution: treat the concussion with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), early and precisely dosed.

“Hyperbaric isn’t Lazarus—we can’t raise dead tissue. But we can stop dying tissue from progressing to death.”

From Wounds to Brains: A Clinician’s Pivot

Dr. Denham didn’t set out to treat brain injuries. She trained as a trauma surgeon and later transitioned into wound and hyperbaric medicine, where she witnessed HBOT’s life-saving power firsthand.

Early in her HBOT career, her team treated a young woman with severe frostbite whose feet were turning black from lack of oxygen. After a series of hyperbaric treatments, the patient walked out with all of them intact—prompting the clinic’s proud new motto: “Ten Toes.”

That victory sparked a deeper question for Denham: If HBOT could deliver oxygen to dying tissue in a frostbitten limb, what could it do for an injured brain struggling with inflammation and swelling?

When her own daughter suffered multiple sports-related concussions—culminating in a severe one in 2016—she had her chance to find out. Standard concussion care offered little more than rest and reassurance. Drawing on her surgical understanding of pressure, oxygen, and cellular metabolism, Denham reasoned that the brain was undergoing the same ischemic crisis she’d seen in tissue wounds.

By adjusting HBOT pressure and duration to fit the injury, she saw her daughter “wake up” mid-session. “She turned around and said, ‘Okay, Mom—how much longer do I have to be in here?’” That single moment changed Denham’s trajectory—and hundreds of patients’ lives since.

Objective Proof, Not Just “Placebo”

To move beyond stories and into measurable science, Denham incorporated two FDA-cleared tools into her clinics:

  • BrainScope, an EEG-based device that quantifies concussion severity on a 0–100 scale.
  • RightEye , a neuro-optic tracking system that measures ocular motor performance and neural integration

The data were staggering. In one case, a patient scored “2” (severely concussed) before HBOT and “84” (non-concussed) after a single 70-minute session. Subsequent dives consistently stabilized scores and restored normal neurological function.

Denham’s findings challenge the passive recovery model entirely: with targeted HBOT, measurable recovery can happen within hours or days, not weeks or months.

“Once kids feel truly normal, they can tell the instant symptoms creep back.”

The Case for Early Intervention

Denham’s clinics have now treated hundreds of concussion patients, from student athletes to veterans. Her data show that HBOT within the first 72 hours of injury yields the most dramatic improvements. In fact, 73% of her concussion patients now come in within three days—an unheard-of statistic in a field that still tells most families to “go home and rest.”

Early HBOT, she argues, can also reduce recurrence. “We just don’t see repeat concussions in most of our treated athletes unless the new hit is truly severe,” she says. “Their brains recover stronger and more resilient.”

Denham’s clinics have now treated hundreds of concussion patients, from student athletes to veterans. Her data show that HBOT within the first 72 hours of injury yields the most dramatic improvements. In fact, 73% of her concussion patients now come in within three days—an unheard-of statistic in a field that still tells most families to “go home and rest.”

Early HBOT, she argues, can also reduce recurrence. “We just don’t see repeat concussions in most of our treated athletes unless the new hit is truly severe,” she says. “Their brains recover stronger and more resilient.”

Protocols Are Doses—Not Dogma

“If you treat HBOT like a pill, you’ll miss the point. Treat it like insulin—dose by physiology.”

Many clinicians default to the long-standing protocol of 1.5 ATA for 40 dives, regardless of injury stage. Denham calls that approach outdated. Instead, she treats pressure, time, and cadence as a dose that should change depending on inflammation and patient response.

Her guiding principle is simple: observe, measure, and adjust. “Every brain injury is different,” she says. “The right dose is the one that restores function and holds steady under stress.”

Screening for the “Smoldering Brain”

Denham’s team now works directly with local football and hockey programs, performing preseason, mid-season, and postseason screenings using BrainScope and RightEye.

Results have revealed a silent epidemic: many athletes begin their seasons with abnormal neurological patterns—signs of cumulative, sub-concussive inflammation.

Short HBOT courses, sometimes just five to seven sessions, normalize those readings and prevent breakdowns later in the season. When tested again at year’s end, most athletes remain within healthy ranges—even through contact-heavy schedules.

“A pool noodle shouldn’t erase your name,” Denham says. “But if your brain’s already smoldering, that’s all it takes.

Human Stakes: Brains, Futures—and Lives

The scientific results are powerful, but the emotional impact is what drives Denham. Many post-concussion patients arrive depressed, anxious, or suicidal after months of failed recovery.
By week’s end, especially in intensive two-a-day HBOT programs, she hears the same Friday confession:

“I was in a deep hole. I never want to go back.”

For Denham, that’s the heart of it: “We’re not just changing recovery times. We’re saving lives and futures. No new normal—just normal again.”

Rethinking “Return to School” (and the JAMA Trap)

Denham also challenges conventional “return to learn” guidelines. While some studies suggest quick reintegration, she believes they underestimate real-world cognitive stress. Her approach prioritizes gradual re-entry—using both testing and lived experience to guide timing.

“Going back to school isn’t just reading; it’s lights, noise, deadlines,” she explains. “We’ll have a kid test fine in the morning, then fall apart after 30 minutes of homework. That tells us the brain’s not ready yet.”

Policy, Access, and the Path Forward

Denham’s vision is clear:

  • Reclassify acute concussion under the logic of compartment syndrome, an already FDA-approved HBOT indication.
  • Fund prospective studies that pair HBOT with objective tools to validate outcomes.
  • Promote early access—treating within days instead of weeks—to reduce the long-term burden of post-concussion syndrome (PCS).

She also stresses cost-effectiveness: “It’s cheaper to treat four times now than to carry a child through months of PCS later.”

How to Access Care

Healing with Hyperbarics

Denham credits her team of hyperbaric technicians and staff for their role in patient recovery: “They’re the front line—the ones who observe, record, and fine-tune what works. This is a team science.”

Key Takeaways

  • Treat the concussion. HBOT targets inflammation and oxygen deprivation immediately.
  • Act early. Within three days is best, but even chronic cases see results.
  • Measure outcomes. Use BrainScope, RightEye, and functional testing to track progress.
  • Customize doses. Pressure and time aren’t fixed—they’re part of the prescription.
  • Aim for normal, not “new normal.” The goal is full recovery, not adaptation

Have data, a team, or a story to share?

HBOT News is compiling prospective case series on acute concussion with objective testing. Email our editorial desk marketing@hbotnews.org to collaborate on protocols, screening, and outcomes reporting.

Interview conducted by Dr. Xavier Figueroa. Content adapted and edited by HBOT News.