Clinical Trial – Caudal Block,Saddle Block, Anorectal Surgery

Anorectal surgery includes pilonidal sinus, hemorrhoidectomy, anal fissure, and anal fistula
operations. Various surgical and anesthetic techniques have been used to increase the level
of analgesia in perioperative period and decrease the length of stay in the hospital. In this
study, investigators investigate the effects of routinely applied anesthesia techniques
during anorectal surgery, caudal block and saddle block, on patients’ perioperative
hemodynamic values, sensory and motor block levels, and postoperative pain scores.

Clinical Trial – Dosage of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and the Incidence of Post Spinal Shivering.

Shivering is very common after spinal anaesthesia. Many studies have investigated the role of
adding adjuvants to the local anaesthetics to decrease the incidence of post-spinal
shivering. Non of the studies n the literature review have investigated the role of different
dose of local anaesthetic alone in reducing the incidence of post-spinal shivering. In the
present study the investigators aimed to compare the effect of different local anaesthetic
dose in reducing post-spinal shivering.

Clinical Trial – Spinal Marginally Hyperbaric Ropivacaine for Cesarean Delivery

BACKGROUND: One previous study has confirmed that the marginally hyperbaric solutions of
bupivacaine can maintain good quality of anesthesia and get a more steadily hemodynamic
status than commonly hyperbaric solutions, some authors confirmed the plain ropivacaine for
cesarean section have a higher failure rate and commonly hyperbaric solutions of ropivacaine
have a higher incidence of side reaction. It is unclear what the efficacy of spinal
marginally hyperbaric ropivacaine for elective cesarean delivery.We hypothesized that the
marginally hyperbaric ropivacaine will get a similar efficacy to commonly hyperbaric
solutions but a more steadily hemodynamic status.

OBJECTIVE In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, Investigator will compare
the clinical efficacy and adverse effect of spinal anesthesia with commonly hyperbaric and
marginally hyperbaric ropivacaine for elective cesarean delivery.

Main outcome measures: The maximum cephalad sensory block level; the change of continuous
cerebral oxygen desaturation (ScO2) over time; the incidence of hypotension and nausea and
vomiting; the change of invasive arterial pressure; the consumption of ephedrine; the
incidence of shivering; the onset time to T8 dermatome; the quality of anesthesia (efficacy
of motor block and sensory block)

Clinical Trial – Insulin Sensitivity During Hyperbaric Oxygen Compared to Hyperbaric Air

In a recent series of studies performed by our group, we have shown that exposure to
hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) leads to an increase in insulin sensitivity in male subjects with
type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and in obese and overweight men without diabetes. The aim of this
study is to investigate the relationship between pressure and oxygen in producing this
effect, specifically, is this effect measurable in hyperbaric air or is some higher pressure
of oxygen required?

Aims:

1. To determine whether the insulin sensitising effect of HBO is apparent in hyperbaric air
at the same pressure as HBO.

2. To examine mechanisms underpinning the increase in insulin sensitivity following HBO.