Clinical Trial – ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Fentanyl for Transurethral Prostatectomy in Elderly Patients

As people age, the incidence of prostate hyperplasia increases. So patients under
Transurethral Resection of Prostate(TURP) or Holmium Laser Ennucleation of Prostate(HoLEP)
are mostly ole age people. Most old age patient has several underlying disease. So patients
can develop high mortality and morbidity. Most surgeries for Prostate Resection are taken
under Spinal anesthesia. Adequate block level for Prostate Resection is T10. But sometimes,
old age patients can develop severe complication after spinal anesthesia. So we started this
study to know the adequate drug concentration for Spinal anesthesia taken for Prostate
Resection surgery.

Clinical Trial – Intrathecal Neostigmine for Prevention of PDPH

Neuraxial blocks continue to be the cornerstone of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for
normal vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section due to its approved safety and
efficiency for decades. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is still one of the most common
complications of neuraxial anesthetic techniques. The headache could be severe and limit the
activities of the new mother to care for her baby, prolong hospital stay.

PDPH is defined as a headache that develops within five days of dural puncture and can’t be
attributed to any other types of headache and mostly is postural in character.

Neostigmine methylsulfate is a synthetic carbamic acid ester which reversibly inhibits the
enzyme Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) that makes more Acetylcholine molecules available at
cholinergic receptors. Neostigmine is used in anesthesia mainly as a reversal for
non-depolarizing neuromuscular agents.

Intrathecal (IT) neostigmine was tried as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in IT block for
elective cesarean sections to decrease local anesthetic consumption and to prolong
postoperative analgesia. Side effects of IT neostigmine are dose-dependent with doses more
than 25 µg especially nausea and vomiting and could be decreased by increasing the baricities
of the local anesthetic solutions and by early head up position after IT injection. However,
its effect on PDPH was not investigated before in literature.

Parturients will be randomly assigned into one of two groups: the intervention group will
receive 20 µg with IT Bupivacaine and the control group will receive an equivalent volume of
dextrose 5% with the IT Bupivacaine.

The objective of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IT neostigmine
as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in reducing the incidence and severity of post-dural puncture
headache in parturients scheduled for an elective cesarean section.